TOEFL 10 Vocabulary - Online Spelling Bee

Spell: abnormal (adjective) /æbˈnɔr məl/
Definition: Deviating from what is considered normal, typical, or expected.
Example Sentence: "The child's abnormal behavior raised concerns among the teachers."
Word origin: The adjective 'abnormal' has its etymological origins in Latin.

Spell: admit (verb) /ædˈmɪt/
Definition: To acknowledge or accept the truth, existence, or validity of something.
Example Sentence: "The university will admit students with exceptional academic records."
Word origin: The verb 'admit' has its etymological roots in Latin.

Spell: advance (verb) /ædˈvæns/
Definition: To move forward, progress or make progress, often in a purposeful or intentional manner.
Example Sentence: "The team strives to advance their research in medicine."
Word origin: The verb 'advance' has its etymological roots in Latin.

Spell: allowance (noun) /əˈlaʊ əns/
Definition: An allowance refers to a regular sum of money given to someone, often on a scheduled basis.
Example Sentence: "She receives a monthly allowance from her parents."
Word origin: The noun 'allowance' has its etymological origins in the Old French word 'alouance,' which is derived from the verb 'alouer.

Spell: amend (verb) /əˈmɛnd/
Definition: To make changes, modifications, or improvements to something, typically a document, law, agreement, or situation.
Example Sentence: "Please make sure to amend any incorrect information in the application form."
Word origin: The verb 'amend' has its etymological roots in the Old French word 'amender,' which is derived from the Latin 'emendare.

Spell: ascend (verb) /əˈsɛnd/
Definition: To move upward or rise to a higher position or level, often in a physical or metaphorical sense.
Example Sentence: "The climbers will ascend the mountain early tomorrow morning."
Word origin: The verb 'ascend' has its etymological roots in Latin.

Spell: authoritarian (adjective) /ɔːˌθɒrɪˈtɛːrɪən/
Definition: Strict obedience to authority, often at the expense of individual freedom and liberty.
Example Sentence: "Authoritarian leaders often suppress political dissent."
Word origin: The adjective 'authoritarian' has its etymological roots in the word 'authority.

Spell: benign (adjective) /bɪˈnʌɪn/
Definition: Gentle, kind, and harmless in nature, without the intention or capability to cause harm or damage.
Example Sentence: "The king was known for his benign rule, always putting his subjects' welfare first."
Word origin: The adjective 'benign' has its origins in Latin, originating from the word 'benignus,' which means 'kind' or 'gentle.

Spell: buttress (noun) /ˈbʌtrɪs/
Definition: An architectural feature that is used to support and reinforce a building or structure.
Example Sentence: "The Gothic cathedral's most striking feature was its flying buttress."
Word origin: The noun 'buttress' has its origins in Old French, where it was 'butrez,' derived from 'buter,' meaning 'to thrust.

Spell: certify (verb) /ˈsəːtɪfʌɪ/
Definition: To confirm or verify that something meets specific requirements, standards, or qualifications.
Example Sentence: "We must certify that the equipment meets all the safety standards."
Word origin: The verb 'certify' has its roots in Latin, particularly from the word 'certificare,' which is a combination of 'certus,' meaning 'certain' or 'sure,' and 'facere,' meaning 'to make' or 'to do.

Spell: citadel (noun) /ˈsɪtəd(ə)l/
Definition: A fortress or fortified stronghold, typically located on high ground and designed to protect a city or town from attack.
Example Sentence: "They found shelter within the ancient citadel."
Word origin: The noun 'citadel' has its roots in the Italian word 'cittadella,' which means 'small city' or 'fortress.

Spell: collection (noun) /kəˈlɛk ʃən/
Definition: A group or assembly of objects, items, or entities that are purposefully gathered and curated based on a shared characteristic, theme, or purpose.
Example Sentence: "The archaeologist unearthed a valuable collection of ancient artifacts."
Word origin: The noun 'collection' has its etymology rooted in the Latin word 'collectio,' which is derived from 'collegere,' meaning 'to gather' or 'to select.

Spell: college (noun) /ˈkɒl ɪdʒ/
Definition: An educational institution that provides higher education and specialized academic programs beyond the high school level.
Example Sentence: "He chose a college known for its strong engineering program."
Word origin: The noun 'college' has an etymology that leads back to the Latin word 'collegium.

Spell: colonialism (noun) /kəˈləʊnɪəlɪz(ə)m/
Definition: The policy or practice of acquiring, maintaining, and expanding control over territories that are politically and economically controlled by a foreign power.
Example Sentence: "The colonialism brought new technologies, languages and religions to the colonized territories."
Word origin: The noun 'colonialism' has its etymological roots in the word 'colony,' which is derived from the Latin 'colonia.

Spell: committed (adjective) /kəˈmɪt ɪd/
Definition: Dedicated, devoted, or loyal to a cause, belief, or relationship.
Example Sentence: "The team members are committed to achieving their project goals."
Word origin: The adjective 'committed' is directly linked to the verb 'commit,' whose etymology has been previously explained.

Spell: compendium (noun) /kəmˈpɛndɪəm/
Definition: A comprehensive collection of information or works on a particular subject, typically in the form of a book or a document.
Example Sentence: "Sarah compiled a compendium of her grandmother’s recipes."
Word origin: The noun 'compendium' has its origins in Latin, derived from the word 'compendium,' which means 'that which is weighed together.

Spell: complementary (adjective) /ˌkɒm pləˈmɛn tə ri/
Definition: Referring to something that completes, harmonizes with, or enhances another thing.
Example Sentence: "The designer paired a patterned blouse with a solid-colored skirt for a complementary look."
Word origin: The adjective 'complementary' derives its etymology from the Latin word 'complementum,' which itself is rooted in 'compleo,' meaning 'to fill up' or 'to complete.

Spell: complete (adjective) /kəmˈplit/
Definition: Whole, finished, or lacking nothing.
Example Sentence: "The renovation project is now complete, and the house looks stunning."
Word origin: The adjective 'complete' has its origins in the Latin word 'completus,' which is a combination of 'com-' meaning 'together' and 'plere,' meaning 'to fill.

Spell: concise (adjective) /kənˈsʌɪs/
Definition: Expressed in a brief and clear manner, without unnecessary or redundant details.
Example Sentence: "The speaker was able to deliver a concise and clear presentation."
Word origin: The adjective 'concise' has its origins in Latin.

Spell: conflate (verb) /kənˈfleɪt/
Definition: To mix or merge two or more different things together, often in a way that causes confusion or misunderstanding.
Example Sentence: "In the debate, he tried to conflate the opponent's past actions with his platform."
Word origin: The verb 'conflate' has its origins in Latin.

Spell: confuse (verb) /kənˈfyuz/
Definition: To cause a state of uncertainty, misunderstanding, or disorientation in someone or something.
Example Sentence: "The complex instructions in the manual confused the new users."
Word origin: The verb 'confuse' has its etymological roots in the Latin word 'confundere,' which is a combination of 'con-' meaning 'together' and 'fundere' meaning 'to pour' or 'to mix.

Spell: continuity (noun) /ˌkɑntəˈnuəti/
Definition: The unbroken and consistent existence or operation of something over a period of time.
Example Sentence: "The company ensured continuity of service during the upgrade process."
Word origin: The noun 'continuity' has its etymological roots in Latin.

Spell: credible (adjective) /ˈkrɛdəbəl/
Definition: Trustworthy, believable, or deserving of confidence and acceptance.
Example Sentence: "Her credentials make her a credible source on the topic."
Word origin: The adjective 'credible' has its etymological roots in Latin.

Spell: decrease (verb) /dɪˈkris/
Definition: To reduce or diminish the quantity, size, intensity, or extent of something.
Example Sentence: "Regular exercise can help decrease stress levels and improve overall well-being."
Word origin: The verb 'decrease' can be traced back to its Latin root, 'decrescere,' which is a combination of 'de,' indicating 'down' or 'reversal,' and 'crescere,' meaning 'to grow' or 'to increase.

Spell: demarcate (verb) /ˈdiːmɑːkeɪt/
Definition: To establish clear and distinct boundaries or limits, often through the use of physical markers, rules, or guidelines.
Example Sentence: "The river naturally demarcates the border between the two countries."
Word origin: The verb 'demarcate' has its etymological origins in Latin.

Spell: diametrical (adjective) /ˌdaɪəˈmɛtrɪkəl/
Definition: Complete or extreme opposition or contrast between two things.
Example Sentence: "His optimistic outlook on life was diametrically opposite to her pessimistic worldview."
Word origin: The adjective 'diametrical' is derived from the word 'diameter,' which has its origins in ancient Greek.

Spell: discover (verb) /dɪˈskʌv ər/
Definition: To find, identify, or become aware of something for the first time.
Example Sentence: "The scientist hoped to discover a cure for the rare disease."
Word origin: The verb 'discover' has its roots in Middle English and Old French.

Spell: dismiss (verb) /dɪsˈmɪs/
Definition: To reject an idea, argument, or proposal as irrelevant, unimportant, or lacking merit.
Example Sentence: "He asked the teacher to dismiss him early from class."
Word origin: The verb 'dismiss' has its roots in Latin and Middle English.

Spell: dissent (noun) /dɪˈsɛnt/
Definition: The act of disagreeing or holding a different opinion from the majority or from those in positions of authority.
Example Sentence: "The court ruling was met with strong dissent from civil rights activists."
Word origin: The noun 'dissent' has its etymological roots in Latin.

Spell: efficient (adjective) /ɪˈfɪʃ ənt/
Definition: Achieving maximum productivity or effectiveness with minimal wasted effort, resources, or time.
Example Sentence: "The energy-efficient appliances helped reduce our electricity bills."
Word origin: The adjective 'efficient' has an etymology rooted in Latin.

Spell: exception (noun) /ɪkˈsɛp ʃən/
Definition: A specific instance or case that deviates from the norm or general rule.
Example Sentence: "The company had a strict no-pets policy, but they made an exception for the employee's therapy dog."
Word origin: The noun 'exception' originates from the Latin word 'exceptio,' which is derived from 'excipere.

Spell: excessive (adjective) /ɪkˈsɛs ɪv/
Definition: Going beyond what is considered normal, reasonable, or appropriate.
Example Sentence: "The company incurred excessive expenses due to poor financial management."
Word origin: The adjective 'excessive' originates from the Latin word 'excessivus,' which is formed from 'excessus,' as discussed earlier, meaning 'exceeding' or 'going beyond,' and the suffix '-ivus,' indicating 'pertaining to' or 'characterized by.

Spell: expression (noun) /ɪkˈsprɛʃ ən/
Definition: The act or process of conveying thoughts, emotions, or ideas through words, gestures, facial expressions, or other means of communication.
Example Sentence: "She has a knack for capturing the most candid expressions in her photography."
Word origin: The noun 'expression' traces its etymological roots to the Latin word 'expressio,' which is derived from 'exprimere,' a compound of 'ex-' meaning 'out' and 'primere' meaning 'to press' or 'to squeeze.

Spell: generic (adjective) /ʤəˈnɛrɪk
Definition: Lacking specific individual characteristics or not distinctive in nature.
Example Sentence: "His generic response, lacking personalization, didn't resonate."
Word origin: The adjective 'generic' traces its etymological roots to the Latin word 'genericus,' which is derived from 'genus,' meaning 'kind' or 'class.

Spell: guidance (noun) /ˈgaɪd ns/
Definition: The act or process of providing direction, advice, or assistance to someone in order to help them make informed decisions, navigate challenges, or achieve specific goals.
Example Sentence: "The company provided guidance to its employees regarding the new policies."
Word origin: The term 'guidance' finds its etymological roots in the Old French word 'guidance,' which means 'the action of guiding or directing.

Spell: ideology (noun) /ˌaɪ diˈɒl ə dʒi/
Definition: A comprehensive set of ideas, beliefs, or principles that form the basis of a particular political, social, or economic system.
Example Sentence: "His strong adherence to socialist ideology shaped his views on wealth distribution."
Word origin: The noun 'ideology' has its origins in the combination of two Greek words: 'idein,' which means 'to see' or 'to perceive,' and 'logos,' which translates to 'study,' 'discourse,' or 'reasoning.

Spell: inclination (noun) /ˌɪnklɪˈneɪʃn/
Definition: A tendency or disposition towards a particular action, idea, or feeling.
Example Sentence: "My inclination is to go for a long walk when I need to clear my mind."
Word origin: The noun 'inclination' has its etymological origins in Latin.

Spell: independent (adjective) /ˌɪn dɪˈpɛn dənt/
Definition: Not influenced, controlled, or reliant on others.
Example Sentence: "The company prided itself on being an independent business, free from external investors."
Word origin: The adjective 'independent' is derived from the Latin word 'independens,' which is a combination of 'in,' meaning 'not,' and 'dependens,' the present participle of 'dependere,' which translates to 'to hang down' or 'to rely upon.

Spell: indeterminate (adjective) /ˌɪndɪˈtəːmɪnət/
Definition: Uncertain, not fixed, or not capable of being determined.
Example Sentence: "Her future plans are still indeterminate at this point."
Word origin: The adjective 'indeterminate' has its origins in Latin.

Spell: initially (adverb) /ɪˈnɪʃ ə li/
Definition: Referring to the starting point or the earliest stage of a process, event, or situation.
Example Sentence: "The experiment initially showed promising results, but further analysis was needed."
Word origin: The adverb 'initially' finds its roots in the Latin word 'initialis,' which is derived from 'initium,' meaning 'beginning' or 'start.

Spell: interrupt (verb) /ˌɪn təˈrʌpt/
Definition: To cause a temporary disruption or cessation of an ongoing activity, process, or conversation.
Example Sentence: "Please don't interrupt my concentration; I'm trying to finish this task."
Word origin: The verb 'interrupt' has its etymological roots in the Latin word 'interruptus,' which is a combination of 'inter,' meaning 'between,' and 'rumpere,' meaning 'to break' or 'to burst.

Spell: inventory (noun) /ˈɪnv(ə)nt(ə)ri/
Definition: A list or a record of items or goods that are in stock, including details such as quantity, condition, and location.
Example Sentence: "The store manager was conducting an inventory, counting the stock of goods on the shelves."
Word origin: The noun 'inventory' traces its etymology to Latin and later Old French.

Spell: latency (noun) /ˈleɪt n si/
Definition: The measure of delay or the amount of time it takes for a specific action, process, or response to occur.
Example Sentence: "The high-speed internet connection minimized latency, providing a smooth browsing experience."
Word origin: The noun 'latency' derives its etymology from the Latin word 'latentia,' which is the noun form of 'latens,' meaning hidden or concealed.

Spell: levee (noun) /ˈlɛv i/
Definition: A raised embankment or a man-made structure built alongside a river, lake, or other bodies of water.
Example Sentence: "The levee held back the rising waters, safeguarding the nearby farmlands."
Word origin: The noun 'levee' has its etymological origins in the French word 'levée,' which means a raising or lifting.

Spell: link (noun) /lɪŋk/
Definition: A connection, relationship, or association between two or more things.
Example Sentence: "The hyperlink on the website led me to an interesting article."
Word origin: The noun 'link' finds its etymological origins in Old English and Old Norse.

Spell: marshal (verb) /ˈmɑːʃl/
Definition: To arrange or organize something in a systematic and purposeful way.
Example Sentence: "The company had to marshal its assets in order to expand."
Word origin: The verb 'marshal' has a rich etymology that dates back to the Middle English word 'marchal,' which was borrowed from the Old French term 'mareschal.

Spell: metaphor (noun) /ˈmɛtəfə/
Definition: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.
Example Sentence: "They employed a clever metaphor to convey the complexity of human emotions."
Word origin: The noun 'metaphor' has its roots in ancient Greek, where 'metaphora' meant 'a carrying over' or 'a transfer.

Spell: mutation (noun) /mjuːˈteɪʃn/
Definition: A change in the genetic material of an organism that alters its characteristics in some way.
Example Sentence: "Cancer often arises from DNA mutations within cells."
Word origin: The noun 'mutation' has its etymological origins in Latin.

Spell: nativity (noun) /nəˈtɪv ɪ ti/
Definition: The birth or the circumstances surrounding the birth of a person, particularly in reference to the birth of Jesus Christ.
Example Sentence: "Schools often reenact the nativity during December, delighting parents."
Word origin: The noun 'nativity' draws its etymology from the Latin word 'nativitas,' which is derived from 'natus,' meaning 'born.

Spell: orchestrate (verb) /ˈɔːkɪstreɪt/
Definition: To plan, organize, and direct the elements of a complex activity or event, in order to achieve a desired outcome or effect.
Example Sentence: "She will orchestrate the marketing campaign for the product."
Word origin: The word 'orchestrate' derives its etymology from the world of music and, more specifically, from the noun 'orchestra.

Spell: oversight (noun) /ˈəʊvəsʌɪt/
Definition: The unintentional failure to notice or do something, typically due to a lack of attention or care.
Example Sentence: "Her overlord decided her fate without any consideration for her desires."
Word origin: The noun 'oversight' has its roots in Old English, where it was known as 'ofersēon.

Spell: parlance (noun) /ˈpɑːl(ə)ns/
Definition: A particular way of speaking or using language within a certain group or culture.
Example Sentence: "Linguistics delves into the structure and evolution of language."
Word origin: The noun 'parlance' finds its origins in the Old French word 'parler,' which means 'to speak' or 'to talk.

Spell: pendulum (noun) /ˈpɛndjʊləm/
Definition: A weight that is suspended from a fixed point so that it can swing freely back and forth under the influence of gravity.
Example Sentence: "The scientist conducted experiments with a pendulum."
Word origin: The noun 'pendulum' has its etymological origins in Latin and Greek.

Spell: peruse (verb) /pəˈruːz/
Definition: To read or examine something carefully and thoroughly, often with the intent of gaining a deep understanding of its content.
Example Sentence: "He would peruse the newspaper each morning, searching for the latest headlines."
Word origin: The verb 'peruse' has its etymological origins in Latin.

Spell: philosophy (noun) /fɪˈlɒs ə fi/
Definition: The study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, and the nature of reality.
Example Sentence: "The philosopher's deep contemplation led to profound insights into the human condition."
Word origin: The noun 'philosophy' has its etymological origins in ancient Greek.

Spell: pitfall (noun) /ˈpɪtfɔːl/
Definition: A hidden or unsuspected danger or difficulty that may cause problems or setbacks.
Example Sentence: "The pitfall of overconfidence can lead to mistakes."
Word origin: The noun 'pitfall' has an etymology rooted in the image of concealed dangers lying in wait.

Spell: postpone (verb) /poʊstˈpoʊn/
Definition: To delay or reschedule an event, activity, or task to a later time or date.
Example Sentence: "Can we postpone the event to a later date?"
Word origin: The verb 'postpone' has an interesting etymology that traces its origins to Latin.

Spell: postulate (verb) /ˈpɒstjʊleɪt/
Definition: To suggest or propose something as a basis for reasoning or further discussion.
Example Sentence: "You may postulate a scenario in which life exists on other planets."
Word origin: The verb 'postulate' has its origins in Latin, stemming from the word 'postulare,' which means 'to request' or 'to demand.

Spell: pragmatic (adjective) /praɡˈmatɪk/
Definition: Having a sensible and practical approach to things, as opposed to being too theoretical or idealistic.
Example Sentence: "She is a pragmatic woman who is highly results-driven."
Word origin: The adjective 'pragmatic' finds its etymological roots in the Greek word 'pragma,' which means 'deed' or 'act,' and 'pragmatikos,' meaning 'pertaining to business.

Spell: quadrangle (noun) /ˈkwɒdˌræŋ gəl/
Definition: A four-sided enclosed space or courtyard, typically surrounded by buildings or walls.
Example Sentence: "Students gathered in the sunny quadrangle for a picnic."
Word origin: The noun 'quadrangle' has a straightforward etymology rooted in its Latin origins.

Spell: quasi (adjective) /ˈkweɪsʌɪ/
Definition: Bearing a resemblance or similarity to a particular quality or characteristic but is not entirely or genuinely that thing.
Example Sentence: "She adopted a quasi-professional attitude at work."
Word origin: The adjective 'quasi' has its roots in Latin, where it means 'almost' or 'as if.

Spell: random (adjective) /ˈræn dəm/
Definition: Occurring or is chosen without any discernible pattern, predictability, or specific order.
Example Sentence: "The random selection of winners was conducted using a computer algorithm."
Word origin: The adjective 'random' has an interesting etymological origin.

Spell: regenerate (verb) /rɪˈdʒɛnəreɪt/
Definition: To bring new and more vigorous life to something, or restore something to its original condition.
Example Sentence: "The lizard was able to regenerate its tail when it was cut off."
Word origin: The verb 'regenerate' has its etymological origins in Latin.

Spell: repel (verb) /rɪˈpɛl/
Definition: To drive away or force to retreat, often through the use of force or a repelling agent.
Example Sentence: "Certain scents can repel mosquitoes effectively."
Word origin: The verb 'repel' has its etymological origins in the Latin word 'repellere,' which can be broken down into 're,' meaning 'back,' and 'pellere,' meaning 'to drive' or 'to push.

Spell: representative (noun) /ˌrɛp rɪˈzɛn tə tɪv/
Definition: An individual who acts on behalf of a group, organization, or constituency to voice their interests, opinions, and concerns.
Example Sentence: "The student council representative presented the proposed changes to the school administration."
Word origin: The noun 'representative' traces its etymology to the Latin word 'repraesentare,' which is a combination of 're,' meaning 'again' or 'back,' and 'praesentare,' meaning 'to present' or 'to show.

Spell: signifying (noun) /ˈsɪg nəˌfaɪ ɪŋ/
Definition: The act of conveying or indicating a message, often through the use of signs, symbols, gestures, or words, with the purpose of conveying a particular meaning or generating understanding.
Example Sentence: "Through his witty use of signifying language, the comedian had the audience roaring with laughter."
Word origin: The noun 'signifying' draws its etymological roots from the verb 'signify.

Spell: specialist (noun) /ˈspɛʃ ə lɪst/
Definition: An individual who has expert knowledge, skills, or training in a particular field or area of expertise.
Example Sentence: "The art gallery enlisted the help of a restoration specialist to preserve the valuable paintings."
Word origin: The word 'specialist' has its origins in the Latin word 'specialis,' which meant 'particular' or 'individual.

Spell: substantial (adjective) /səbˈstæn ʃəl/
Definition: Considerable in size, amount, or importance.
Example Sentence: "The chef prepared a substantial feast for the guests, featuring multiple courses."
Word origin: The adjective 'substantial' derives from the Latin word 'substantialis,' which in turn is derived from the Latin root word 'substantia.

Spell: termination (noun) /ˌtɜr məˈneɪ ʃən/
Definition: The act of ending or concluding something, often used to describe the formal or final cessation of a process, relationship, or agreement.
Example Sentence: "She received a notice regarding the termination of her contract."
Word origin: The noun 'termination' has its etymological roots in the Latin word 'terminatio,' which is derived from 'terminare,' meaning 'to set boundaries' or 'to end.

Spell: terrace (noun) /ˈtɛr əs/
Definition: A raised, flat platform or open area that is typically attached to a building or located on the ground level of a structure.
Example Sentence: "The homeowner transformed the backyard into a beautiful garden terrace."
Word origin: The noun 'terrace' has an etymology rooted in Latin and Old French.

Spell: touchstone (noun) /ˈtʌtʃˌstoʊn/
Definition: A standard, criterion, or reference point used to evaluate or judge the quality, authenticity, or truthfulness of something.
Example Sentence: "The Constitution is considered a touchstone of democracy and individual rights."
Word origin: The noun 'touchstone' derives its significance from the root word 'touch' and the Old English word 'stan,' meaning 'stone.

Spell: tutelage (noun) /ˈtut l ɪdʒ/
Definition: The act or process of being under the guidance, instruction, or protection of someone more experienced or knowledgeable.
Example Sentence: "The young artist sought tutelage from a renowned painter to refine her technique."
Word origin: The noun 'tutelage' is rooted in the Latin word 'tutela,' which refers to the act of guardianship, protection, or care.

Spell: unequivocal (adjective) /ˌʌnɪˈkwɪvəkl/
Definition: Absolute, unambiguous, and beyond any doubt or misunderstanding.
Example Sentence: "Her support for the cause was unequivocal and unwavering."
Word origin: The adjective 'unequivocal' has a clear etymology rooted in Latin and Greek origins.

Spell: versed (adjective) /vɜrst/
Definition: Knowledgeable, experienced, or skilled in a particular field or subject.
Example Sentence: "He is versed in multiple programming languages and can code in Java, Python, and C++."
Word origin: The adjective 'versed' derives its etymology from the Latin word 'versatus,' which is the past participle of 'versare.

Spell: violate (verb) /ˈvʌɪəleɪt/
Definition: To break or act against a rule, a law, an agreement or a moral standard.
Example Sentence: "She knew that to cheat on the test would violate her own ethical principles."
Word origin: The verb 'violate' has its etymological roots in Latin.